Analysis Of George Orwell s The Road - 1301 Words

In The Road to Wigan Pier (1937), Orwell tries out his own understanding of socialism, with striking phrasing: â€Å"We’ve got to fight for justice and liberty. And socialism does mean justice and liberty, when the nonsense is stripped off it.† He further declares that â€Å"the real socialist is one who wishes—not merely conceives it as desirable but actively wishes—to see tyranny overthrown† (Orwell, The Road 76). One senses here that the point is not the ultimate triumph of a particular doctrine or party, but the triumph of human dignity. This triumph can be achieved by war and revolution. Orwell wrote to Cyril Connolly, telling him: â€Å"I have seen wonderful things and at last really believe in Socialism, which I never did before† (Orwell, Collected Essays 269). Although it was clear that he was at least intellectually committed to socialism, it was Spain that gave his socialism an emotional Bedrock and dictated the course his socialism would take. In his preface to the Ukrainian edition of Animal Farm he wrote: Nothing has contributed so much to the corruption of the original idea of Socialism as the belief that Russia is a Socialist country and that every act of its rulers must be excused, if not imitated. And so for the past ten years I have been convinced that the destruction of the Soviet myth was essential if we wanted a revival of the Socialist movement (Orwell, Preface 339). Orwell later clarified his position through writing thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road 3871 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, â€Å"The Time Machine† by H.G. Wells and â€Å"A Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley are all novels of the dystopian genre, that explore a post-apocalyptic world. The genre of the post-apocalypse is becoming ever more popular in the post World War Two English speaking world. The authors of these novels I feel, have a very distinct voice and style they create themselves to explore this world. A recent novel that really struck meRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road Of Wigan Pier 1806 Words   |  8 Pageswere very poor, work was hard to find, money was tight, people were malnourished; homeless; or dying in the coal mines. Conditions in England’s industrial North were horrifying. As George Orwell travels to Wigan and its surrounding areas on a two month sabbatical that serves as his inspiration for his book, â€Å"The Road to Wigan Pier,† which shows the bleak l iving conditions for the poor and unemployed of the area. It also uses these conditions, and his own upbringing as a sounding board for the moralityRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road Of Wigan Pier 1590 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Orwell, an English socialist active during the 1930’s, was chosen to write a book about poverty, unemployment and living conditions of the working class by the Left Book Club. His book, The Road to Wigan Pier, revealed industrialism as the fundamental issue within English society and its effects on a depressed England. Industrialism, at the root of his argument, acts as the leading contributor to the harsh working conditions in mining towns and the astronomical poverty levels, but, also, theRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road Of Wigan Pier 2530 Words   |  11 PagesThe Road to Wigan Pier’, an autobiography written by George Orwell, was first published in 1937. The first half of this book documents Orwell’s obse rvations about the poor living conditions amongst some working class families belonging to Yorkshire and Lancashire, in the period before World War Two had begun. In the second half, Orwell wrote a long essay about his own experiences in the book where he covered topics such as his middle-class upbringing, the developing ideas regarding his politicalRead MoreReview Of George Orwell s The Road 1923 Words   |  8 PagesReview on George Orwell – The Road to Wigan Pier Course – BA Hons (With foundation) Community studies. Health, youth, and community Module – Reading Modern Society Tutor – Wendy Bateman Student ID – 1608296 Submission Date – Tuesday 6th December 2016 Describe and illustrate an informed opinion based on research and analysis of evidence Analyse information, experiences, and article reasoned arguments through reflection, review and evaluation. Demonstrate an introductoryRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1403 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell believes â€Å"What you get over and over again is a movement of the proletariat which is promptly characterized and betrayed by astute people at the top and then the growth of a new governing class. The one thing that never arrives is equality† (Letemendia 1). Orwell simply loathes revolution and thinks it is unfair to the majority, for the people. He thinks that while individuals change, the people in power are always corrupt and they will corrupt any attempt at change. He communicatesRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Everyday Life 1380 Words   |  6 Pagesthe English Language, George Orwell explains how language is used to hide facts that may sound displeasing to the public, while in his text The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901), Sigmund Freud proves how language is used to hide unacceptable thoughts deep within our minds. Orwell and Freud hold different opin ions on what language is used to hide due to their differing historical contexts, but they both conclude that language, in its current state, cannot be trusted. Orwell offers several reasonsRead More Animal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes4636 Words   |  19 PagesAnimal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes This study aims to determine that George Orwells Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalins practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of authors life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. ChapterRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 Essay2089 Words   |  9 PagesThe analysis of Ray Bradbury s dystopian novel, Fahrenheit 451, shows that literature as books, education and alike is abused and criminalized in the hero’s reality, who is Guy Montag. The novel’s setting is when new things seem to have totally replaced literature, fire fighters set flames instead of putting them out, the ownership of books is deserving of the law and to restrict the standard is to court demise. The oppression of literature through innovation and technology can be analyzed throughRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 PagesGeorge Orwell England Your England As I write, highly civilized human beings are flying overhead, trying to kill me. They do not feel any enmity against me as an individual, nor I against them. They are ‘only doing their duty’, as the saying goes. Most of them, I have no doubt, are kind-hearted lawabiding men who would never dream of committing murder in private life. On the other hand, if one of them succeeds in blowing me to pieces with a well-placed bomb, he will never sleep any the worse for

Conceptions of the Soul Essay - 1161 Words

Plato (in Phaedo) and Aristotle (in De Anima) present two fundamentally different conceptions of the soul. Through an analysis of their frameworks and genre, and whether their methods are plausible, it can be concluded that Aristotles formulation of the soul is more compelling than that of Plato. According to Plato, the body and the soul are separate entities. The soul is capable of existing before life of the body and after death of the body and it is constant, unchanging and non-physical (invisible). The soul resembles what is divine, immortal, and always remaining true to itself. The body, however, resembles what is human, mortal, and destructible. The body is changing and never able to maintain its true identity (Plato, 80b).†¦show more content†¦Soul is defined by Aristotle as not separable from the body (Aristotle, 413a), and neither without body nor a kind of body, but belong[ing] to the body, and for this reason is present in the body (Aristotle, 414a). Aristotle has a consistent integration of his investigations with the basic principles of his philosophical system. Aristotle begins The Nature of the Soul with an objective to define the soul (Aristotle, 412a). He then formulates an answer to that question using his ideas of substance, form, matter, ac tuality, and potentiality. The form/matter characteristic proves particularly useful to Aristotle, as it allows him to describe the living organism as an inseparable complex of soul (form) and body (matter) (Aristotle, 414a). Additionally, Aristotle also integrates his account of soul with his theory of the four causes in arguing that the soul is the source of movement (the efficient cause), the end (the final cause), and the essence (the formal cause) of the whole living body (Aristotle, 415b). The physical body is simply the material cause of the organism and thus, the soul is the actuality of a natural body having life potentially within it (Aristotle, 412a). Aristotles conceptions of the soul are embodied in an introspective structure approached through scientific and empirical methods. Aristotle believed that knowledge of the attributes contributes a great deal to theShow MoreRelatedPlatos Views on Life after Death1388 Words   |  6 Pagesof the soul. Plat always viewed the soul as an entity that was distinct from the physical body. Moreover, while the physical body was destined to die, the soul was enduring, interminable, and destined to go on somewhere in some state of being. In just what sort of way the soul would endure was a matter of question, in which at various points in his career as a writer Plato offered different accounts. Yet the most consistent part of this conception of the authors was the fact that the soul was everlastingRead MoreDiscussion of D.Z. Phillips Conception of Immortality Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion of D.Z. Phillips Conception of Immortality In his book Death and Immortality, D Z Phillips starts by asking the question: does belief in immortality rest on a mistake? The first two chapters are negative in the sense that they examine traditional philosophical, as well as common sense, conceptions of what immortality means. Phillips argues that philosophical analyses centred on the notion of immortality have generally been constructed around certain essentialRead MoreAugustine’s Conception of Sin in Confessions 1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I will write about Augustine and his thoughts and ideas on sin in the Confessions, where sin originates and whether or not I believe that Augustine’s conception of sin has a place in modern society. From all of this I will conclude that through Augustines work and findings, Augustine’s conception of the human person and their human actions are somewhat relevant today, due to the fact Augustine set a standard for what human nature is, known as the ability to desire, think and do, yetRead MoreThe Utility Of Myth : Plato s Metaphysics1624 Words   |  7 Pagesthe surface of our faculties. To do this, Plato believes we must let our ability to reason override our baser, desires, so as to reach our maximum potential to the benefit of ourselves and the those who come after. Plato s conception of psychology—â€Å"from Greek psyche meaning soul or m ind and logos, meaning word, discourse, or reason† is directly tied to his notions of death and the afterlife. In this paper I wish to argue, as with his teacher Socrates, Plato’s views are layered and highly subjectiveRead MoreAbortion Is Not The Murder Of An Infant1507 Words   |  7 Pagessaid to be a live soul in a body that lacks sensation when it is not formed in flesh and so is not endowed with sense.† He was sure that abortion was not considered a murder or homicide. â€Å"The soul can exist only in a fully formed body,† another word to say that is a life doesn t begin until the fifth or the sixth month of fetal development. However, not all Roman Catholic agree with these statements. â€Å"Some theologist taught that hominization (the point at which a fetus acquires a soul and becomes aRead MoreThe Transition from Mythology to Philosophy Essay638 Words   |  3 Pagesthemes are truth, God, the human soul, the meaning of history, the state, sin , and salvation. For Augustine, the individual human being is a body-soul composite, but in keeping with his Neo-Platonism; there is an asymmetry between soul and body. As a spiritual entity, the soul is superior to the body, and it is the province of the soul to rule the body [e.g. De Animae Quantitate 13.22; De Genesi contra Manicheos II.11]. This presents a positive conception of the soul-body relation, one that clearlyRead MorePhilosophy Paper721 Words   |  3 Pageswasn’t so happy with the conditions in Athens. This book is focused on the conception of justice and what it is to be just. This theory has been presented differently by each of the characters in the book, which are Cephalus, Polymarchus, Thrasymachus, and Glaucon. However, Socrates is the one who is given a challenge: to prove that justice is good and desirable. The book starts off with Cephalus giving his own conception of justice, which he believes to be â€Å"justice is nothing more than honoringRead MoreWe Must Define X As X1319 Words   |  6 Pagescriterion holds for this teleportation. Let’s assume we accept the soul criterion, which states that X at t1 is identical to Y at t2 if Y has the same soul as X. This belief has a lot of issues stemming from the fact that the soul is an immaterial thing. We don’t have a formal definition for souls and how they relate to the body, which makes answering the question of whether Y has the same soul as X extremely hard. Let us define the soul as a separate entity from the body, attached to the body in a wayRead MoreWhat Is Self Or If There Even Is A Self?861 Words   |  4 Pagesdefine what is self or if there even is a self, Hume asserts personal identity is a mere illusion and instead the self is a classification of the process of our mutable parts. On the other hand, in Descartes’ dissertation he defines self as a â€Å"rational soul† (pg33) or an essence unique to humans, held constant in the container of the human body. Hume’s and Descartes’ definition of self therefore is an all or nothing assumption; either the self is nonexistent dependent on the presence of an infinite constantRead MoreEssay on The Nature of Socratic Philosophy516 Words   |  3 Pagesof philosophy, as viewed by Socrates, is centred around the wellness of the soul, virtue being defined as knowledge and the pursuit of truth through the questioning of beliefs. Socrates heavily subscribed to a dualistic view of the body and the soul.He saw the body, or the flesh as something engaging in vacant pleasures and of no value to the betterment of an individual. Instead, Socrates focused himself on the soul, by nature being divine and therefore deserving of the most attention. Socrates:

Chicana Role in Society Free Essays

JannineClare Mendioro K. Land Puente English 102 12/07/12 Paper #5 My mom would sometimes look at me and says my generation is lucky. I never did give a thought what she meant about what she said especially when I came from a family, a clan where women are normally treated as equal as men and sometimes are more precious. We will write a custom essay sample on Chicana Role in Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now But as I slowly grow up, I realized my family traditions view of women are different from the majority of people. In majorities, traditionally women are supposed to stay at home, take care of the kids and dependent towards men. The only females that were permitted to go during the old days were wealthy privilege daughters. During the generation x, women have concerns about equality. Even though Anglo women generally have the same concern with color women, Chicana women have more problem due to their cultural difference which cause Chicana to struggle to adapt in current society means. Regardless what race, majority of women were conventionally oppressed and were not seen equal to men. In â€Å"La Chicana: Her Role in the Past and Her Search for a New Role in the Future† by Berinice Rincon, Rincon portrays Chicanas role in the family. Rincon explains that Chicana women are â€Å" †¦ xpected to be submissive, faithful, devoted, and respectful to her husband and to take the major responsibility for rearing the children†(25). The wife’s role in the family is to take care of the kids and the household chores. She is not expected to do anything that’s not related to household chore and taking care of the children. Specifically, â€Å"†¦. Nor is she supposed to share in [her] [husband] political, economic or social activities unless they are centered around the home†(Rincon,25) and she may â€Å"†¦ not interrupt when [he] talk about the things that interest [him] and [his] friends†(Brady,25). As Brady stated, the ideal wife is â€Å"A wife who will have the house clean†(25). Brady is a white housewife who is also expected to do the chores at home. Women were not supposed to talk about political and/or economic view because by doing so they would be questioning mens decision. In addition, Kincaid, a caribbean women claims that the mothers also teaches their daughter â€Å"How to iron [their] father’s khaki shirt†(Kincaid) because when they grow up they would be the one who will iron their husbands khaki. The mother is conditioning their daughter to be submissive by teaching them to take care of the household chores and following her footsteps. Furthermore, Brady conveys that men would like a women who will support them in their career. A wife who would work for him to go to school, take care of the family and take care of the house. Then the men would want â€Å"†¦ a wife to quit working and remain at home so that [his] wife can more fully and completely take care of wife duties† (Brady,26). Because, traditionally women were viewed to stay at home and not work. Thus, â€Å"It is her place and duty to stand behind and back up her macho† (Vidal,23). Actually, White women and Chicanas tackles the same issues in society. First, â€Å"Women are not accepted as community leaders either by the Chicano movement or by the Anglo establishment†(Vidal, 22). During generation x, it is not common to have a women as a leader because they were conventionally portrayed to be submissive and not involved in economic and/or political view thus making it harder for them to gain equality and/or fight for change in their current situation. In fact, â€Å"The white male rulers would want Chicana to accept their oppression precisely because they understand that when Chicanas begin a movement demanding legal abortion, child care, and equal pay for equal work, this movement will pose a real threat to their ability to rule†(Vidal,24). White men want Chicana to accept their oppression because if they don’t accept oppression, they would help their white female counterparts to gain equality considering that they have generally the same concerns therefore posing a threats towards white mens power. On this occasion women wants equal pay and right to control their own bodies. What’s more, â€Å"84% agreed that women do not receive equal pay for equal work† (Vidal, 21). Women were not treated equally. Even though they do the same work as the men, no matter what race they were, women were not getting payed with the same amount of money as the men did which will cost shortage in home income. Less money they bring at home the more they will have problems because the cost of living is going up. Furthermore, Vidal claims the Chicana movement would want â€Å"Free legal abortions and birth control for the Chicano community†(21). Both Chicanas and White women are concerned about the right to control their own bodies as resulted in Roe vs Wade where wade won the case and her right to control her body. Thus both White and Chicana women wanted to have a free legal abortion and birth controls because with birth controls they could have more control on how many children they will have. Their expenses will increase if they have more children. It will be harder to support 5 or more kids especially if they only have a low income job. Although White women and Chicana women have things in common, Chicana women are more affected due to racial difference thus making it harder for them to cope in current time. In Latino culture a bad women is viewed as â€Å"The Mala is hard and impious and independent like the macho† (Rincon, 26). In this instance,â€Å"The social station of la mujer mala-Indian women- was [†¦. ] [that] [they] actively participated in the religious, social and commercial life of their own people. They shared the responsibility of the household and also contributed to the economy and social life†(NietoGomez, La Chicana.. 50) but â€Å"The Anglo tradition of industrial and political democracy has encourage women to actively seek equal rights and employment outside the home† (Rincon,26). This is where traditional values of Chicana is crushed with modern time. It was harder for chicana to be encouraged by the industrial and political democracy of the Anglo to fight for their ind ependence because Chicanas culture viewed an independent woman and a woman who participates in economic and politics as a â€Å"bad† women just like the la mujer mala-Indian women. Hence â€Å"The Chicana is torn between being what her [Culture] wants her to be and what she knows she must become in order to function in today’s action oriented world† (Rincon,26). To function to current time she needs to be independent but her cultural views contradicts it. As a result â€Å"84% felt that they were not encourage to seek professional careers and that higher education is not considered important for Mexican women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Vidal,21). Because most Mexican women felt like higher education is not necessary, they wouldn’t obtain higher education therefore making them only eligible to have a job as a worker. To put it another way, â€Å" Raza women suffer a triple form of oppression: as members of an oppressed nationality, as workers, and as women†(Vidal,23). â€Å"Because the Chicana may suffer from the sex discrimination as well as from racial discrimination, the Chicanas income is at the bottom of the economic ladder† (NietoGomez, Chicanas in.. ,126). For example, â€Å"The median income of the Chicano ($5100) is almost three times as much as the median income of the Chicana ($1800)† (NietoGonez, Chicanas in.. ,126). â€Å"Therefore, the Chicana is primarily a poorly paid worker, with ittle or no job opportunities† (NietoGonez, Chicanas in.. ,127). Chicana is basically the most unprivileged people. Their own culture discriminate them to be independent and if they try to get a job they have the least opportunity to earn money and to change their current situation. It would be more tougher if the women is a single parent and/or the only one in the family who has an income. As a result of Chicanas cultural values where women are supposed to be dependent, it made it harder for them to advance in society. Their cultural values collided with moderns times cause them to be behind in society’s change. That explains why there are only few successful chicanas because it took them longer to be encourage to have a career. In todays generation, generation y, women are encouraged to have careers, especially minority women. In fact, there are scholarship, programs and foundations that encourage minority women to go to male dominant fields. There are still a little discrimination in workplace but it’s not as severe as before and it’s pretty rare too. If someone discriminate a person due to their gender, that person could sue the person who discriminated them. There are still double standards but as time goes by double standards slowly fades away. â€Å"The status quo must go! It is a new time, and we need to make use everybody’s talent and energy† (Rincon,25). For our country to develop and become more successful we need to encourage everybody to strive for a higher standard and provide them the opportunity to reach their dreams no matter what race and/or gender they are. How to cite Chicana Role in Society, Essay examples

The Emerging Technology of Automatic Cars

Question: Describe about The Emerging Technology of Automatic Cars. Answer: Introduction This research proposal identifies and explores the emerging automatic cars technology and then addresses the historical, social, cultural, moral, and ethical issues that it presents. An automatic car is an up-to-date and emerging technology that has continued to transform the sedans in the automobile engineering. Owing to its hands-off driving power, an automatic car like Cadillac or Model S is capable of changing lanes robotically on the highways since they have the vehicle-to-vehicle technology. More over these cars are capable of changing the gears of the car without the assistance of the driver or the owner of the car. The other specifications like pre collision technology that helps the cars to avoid the accidents autonomously on the blind spots of the road or at the turns of the roads. This is helpful for the drivers whenever they do not pay attention to the road for any reason. In addition to that the other technologies like the rear mounted radar and the night vision is used in the automatic cars to provide ease of driving to the owners. Problem Statement There have been increased incidents of road carnage caused by the human-driven cars in the recent past and this trend continues to cause fear to the road users. Consequently, the insurance premiums have tremendously increased despite the economic challenges facing the car owners. Due to these myriad of challenges, the proposal seeks to address the importance of automatic cars as a substitute for the human-driven cars to minimize the challenges. Literature Review The emergence of the automatic cars in the automobile production sparks mixed reactions among car buyers today. Some technology fanciers seem to embrace the idea as their fervent counterparts who prefer driving express cynicism, especially about motor vehicle insurance("Self-Driving Cars to Create Long Term Challenges for Auto Insurers: Moody's", 2016). Over 75 percent of the U.S. car owners welcome the idea of automatic cars owing to someadvantages such as stability control, adaptive cruise control, lane keeping, and steer-by-wire(Naughton, 2016).Such cars possess the ability to communicate with each other and with the infrastructure through vehicle-to-vehicle technology.In addition, this technology will enable the individuals who cannot drive to be mobile. Owing to improved technology, many lives lost on roads due to widespread road carnage will be preserved. Moreover, there is improved theefficiency of both roads and cars. Furthermore, with this technology, there will be offloadin g of tiresome parts of driving. The central idea about this car is that there is a possibility of rapidly cutting the engine power using the brakes. Objectives/Aims The aim of the proposal is to Identifying and exploring the emerging automatic cars technology Auto transmission- the auto transmission of the gears helps the driver of the car to change the gear without using the clutch or gear (Kahlbau Bestle, 2013). This in turn helps reducing the psychological stress of the driver and drive more safely. Pre collision technology- The companies like Ford and Hyundai developed the pre collision technology and the pedestrian detection technology (Kahlbau Bestle, 2013). These technologies alert the driver when they are not paying attention to the road and there is a probability of collision. If after the alarm the driver does not respond to the alarm, the system uses the breaks automatically to stop the car and avoid the collision. Rear mounted radar- This system helps the driver of the car to avoid the objects that are immediately behind the car and can cause harm to the boy of the car (Bellur, 2014). It can also help to avoid the collision with the other cars in the parking area (Dooley et al., 2016). Vehicle-to-vehicle communication- This technology helps the cars to broadcast the position, speed, break status and other data within the circle of few hundred meters so that the other cars can know their positions and status to alert the sensor systems and the driver of the car (Takai et al., 2014). In the year 2015 Ford introduced this technology in its Automatic cars. Figure 1: Vehicle to Vehicle communication system (Source: Takai et al., 2014, pp- 9) Historical timeline of the different technologies used in the Automatic car Figure: Historical time line for the different technologies used in the Automatic cars (Source: Created by author) The historical, social, cultural, moral, and ethical issues presented by Automatic cars Historical issues- With the development of the new technologies the automobile industry also adopted some of them to provide more reliability and safety than the cars in the past (Bellur et al., 2014). Therefore it became more easy and safe to drive a car in a congested area or accident prone zones. Social and Culteral-If a branch of a tree comes in the way of a car then the driver try to avoid the obstacle by changing the lane of the road, at the same time the driver will try to minimize the prblem that is caused by the sudden change (Kahlbau Bestle, 2013). But for the automatic cars if the driver is not alert, then the sudden changes by the auto transmission can cause problems to the other cars behind it. Moral and etical issues- Again it is known that the law and ethics often diverge. For this often the good jucgements are considered as illeagal as per law (Dooley et al., 2016). As an example in case of any emergency a autonomous car will have a confict with the driver or the owner of the car on the issue of the speed limit. Methodology The data collection will be done by analysing and reviewing the credible and peer-reviwed journals, online publications, and newspapers such as bloomerg, and relevant books. I addition, questinares and intervirews wiill be administerd to the licensed car owners above 18 years old. An estimated 100 participants will be selected as participants in the study. The data will be analysed using a synergy of both the qualitative and quantiative methodss. Time for the project The proposal will take approximately 7 weeks for data collection, analysis, and discusion of the main findings. Tools and Equipment The equipment requried for the project include books, journals, internet, computer, writing materials, pens and other stationery. Project Flow Chart References Naughton, K. (2016).Nearly 75% of U.S. Drivers Say They'd Let a Robot Take the Wheel.Claims Journal. Retrieved 8 July 2016, from https://www.claimsjournal.com/news/national/2016/07/01/271926.htm Self-Driving Cars to Create Long Term Challenges for Auto Insurers: Moody's. (2016).Insurance Journal. Retrieved 8 July 2016, from https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2016/03/29/403341.htm Takai, I., Harada, T., Andoh, M., Yasutomi, K., Kagawa, K., Kawahito, S. (2014). Optical vehicle-to-vehicle communication system using LED transmitter and camera receiver.IEEE Photonics Journal,6(5), 1-14. Bellur, B. R., Bhattacharya, D., Iyer, A. V. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,819,414. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kahlbau, S., Bestle, D. (2013). Optimal shift control for automatic transmission#.Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines,41(3), 259-273. Dooley, D., McGinley, B., Hughes, C., Kilmartin, L., Jones, E., Glavin, M. (2016). A Blind-Zone Detection Method Using a Rear-Mounted Fisheye Camera With Combination of Vehicle Detection Methods.IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,17(1), 264-278.